Unit
Title:
FIT AND HEALTHY
Caretaker: JES
Unit
No
9B
Lesson Title: FIGHTING FIT
NC
Ref:
Objectives:
MK - that
fitness means different things for different people; how
fitness relates to some organs; how to measure some aspects of
fitness; how muscle cells obtain energy; organ system,
aerobic respiration, heart beat rate, breathing rate, speed, strength
SK - names
and functions of some body systems and how different organ systems
work together to release energy from food; some factors that effect
fitness; the word equation for aerobic respiration, the words
circulatory system, digestive system, respiratory system.
CK - the
four S-factors, that different activities develop the four S factors
differently, the symbol equation for aerobic respiration, the words
stamina and suppleness.
Lesson outline: Horsforth Commentary
: Pupils find out about some aspects of health and fitness and then understand the organ systems involved in fitness.Remember fitness may refer to speed, stamina, suppleness and strength, the four S's, and being healthy may refer to the absence of disease and illness, and being happy.
Starter activities:
-
Find out what pupils understand by the word 'fit' and ask them how they could find out if they are fit. Could link this discussion to work done on microbes and disease.
-
refer to appropriate slides on Boardworks.
Main course:
-
Pupils will be confused on how to measure breathing rate (in and out = one breath). It should be about 12 breaths per minute at rest. Remind pupils how to measure pulse.
-
In pairs, pupils measure each others breathing and heart (pulse) rate (per minute). One then exercises for 30 seconds. They stop and measure own breathing rate whilst the partner measures the pulse rate for one minute. Repeat this every other minute until rate return to resting values. Pupils swap roles if time. Graphs can be plotted and results compared. All pupils should be able to measure resting values and recovery times to make conclusions about fitness.
-
You could use data logging equipment and w/s 9Ba/1
OR
-
Complete w/s 9Ba/2 (involves using callipers to measure body fat). But be aware that some pupils may object to attention being drawn to their body size.
OR
-
Complete w/s 9Ba/3 (involves measuring height, weight and looking at different aspects of fitness). For higher ability. Could be a home work.
Plenary:
Pupils list the organs and organ systems involved in fitness (remembering the broader definition) - circulatory system, respiratory system, digestive system, skeletal system, nervous system.
Recap the word equation for aerobic respiration from year 8,
Timings:
10
40
10
Homework Suggestion:
w/s 9Ba/4 or collect newspaper/magazine articles on fitness (and maybe and use them to create a poster or to help devise a fitness programme).
Resources:
Unit
Title:
FIT AND HEALTHY
Caretaker: JES
Unit
No
Lesson Title: A BREATH OF FRESH AIR
NC Ref:
Objectives:
MK - the
main organs in the respiratory system, the function of the respiratory
system, some effects of smoking on the body, what a balanced diet is,
some effects of an unbalanced diet on the body, the words
diaphragm, breathing, lung cancer, heart disease, balanced diet,
nutrient, vitamin, mineral.
SK - the
difference between breathing and ventilation, how breathing is brought
about, where gas exchange occurs, how cilia and mucus can help keep
the lungs clean, the names of some chemicals in cigarette smoke and
their effects on the body, the cause and symptoms of one deficiency
disease, the words air-sac, alveoli, gas exchange, ventilation,
inhalation, exhalation, premature baby, ciliated epithelial cells,
addictive, nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide, high blood pressure, mucus,
deficiency disease, scurvy, obesity.
CK - how
changes in the chest volume bring about ventilation, a range of
diseases caused by smoking, a range of deficiency diseases and their
causes, the words air pressure, stroke, pneumonia, rickets,
anaemia, kwashiorkor, beri-beri.
This lesson carries on in lesson 3.
Lesson outline: Horsforth Commentary
:Pupils learn the parts of the thorax, how we breathe and about lung volume.
Starter
activity:
Find out what pupils
already know about breathing, could help them to construct a concept
map.
Main course:
-
Show pupils the model thorax. Ask them how you could make the lungs (balloons) inflate. Don't allow pupils to blow into the balloons. Move on to a demonstration of the breathing mechanism, discussing volume and pressure changes.
-
Use appropriate slides from Boardworks.
-
Discuss which parts of the model correspond to which parts of the respiratory system. Pupils complete w/s 9Bb/5. and could do 9Bb/7
-
Find out lung volume/capacity using the lung volume bags (3 repeats) could plot the class results and discuss the factors that might effect lung volume (body size, fitness, playing a wind instrument etc.), with large groups could see if there is a correlation between height and lung volume.
Plenary:
Ask class questions from page 16 in Exp. Sci. 9
Timings:
10
40
10
Homework Suggestion:
Find out the the names of
chemicals in cigarette smoke.
Resources:
Thorax Model, lung volume bags. Work sheets 9Bb/5 and 9Bb/7
Unit
Title:
FIT AND HEALTHY
Caretaker: JES
Unit
No
9B
Lesson Title: A BREATH OF FRESH AIR CONTINUED
NC Ref:
Objectives:
MK - the
main organs in the respiratory system, the function of the respiratory
system, some effects of smoking on the body, what a balanced diet is,
some effects of an unbalanced diet on the body, the words
diaphragm, breathing, lung cancer, heart disease, balanced diet,
nutrient, vitamin, mineral.
SK - the
difference between breathing and ventilation, how breathing is brought
about, where gas exchange occurs, how cilia and mucus can help keep
the lungs clean, the names of some chemicals in cigarette smoke and
their effects on the body, the cause and symptoms of one deficiency
disease, the words air-sac, alveoli, gas exchange, ventilation,
inhalation, exhalation, premature baby, ciliated epithelial cells,
addictive, nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide, high blood pressure, mucus,
deficiency disease, scurvy, obesity.
CK - how
changes in the chest volume bring about ventilation, a range of
diseases caused by smoking, a range of deficiency diseases and their
causes, the words air pressure, stroke, pneumonia, rickets,
anaemia, kwashiorkor, beri-beri.
This carries on into lesson 4
Lesson outline: Horsforth Commentary
: Pupils understand how smoking effects the lungs and other parts of the body.
Starter
activity:
Remind pupils of gas exchange at the alveoli, showing appropriate slides from Boardworks to help.
Ask pupils the names of
chemicals they found out for their last homework. Discuss possible
effects of these chemicals.
Main course:
Demonstrate the smoking machine and pupils complete 9Bb/3 as you discuss the changes occurring. refer to appropriate slides from another Boardworks
Discuss the effects on the lungs, completing 9Bb/8 along with page 17 in Exp. Sci. 9 - tar reducing gas exchange, premature babies, high blood pressure, heart disease etc.
Makes sure pupils are aware of the effects of carbon monoxide, nicotine and tar.
Pupils could use the
information gleaned from the lesson to make a poster or leaflet to
persuade people not to smoke.
Plenary:
The smoking crossword (9Bb/6).
Timings:
10
40
10
Homework Suggestion:
9Bb/9 for higher ability
or could research smoking
related diseases such as emphysema, bronchitis, heart disease etc.
Resources:
Smoking machine and work
sheets as below.
Demonstrate smoking machine in a well ventilated room,
Unit
Title:
FIT AND HEALTHY
Caretaker: JES
Unit
No
Lesson Title: A BREATH OF FRESH AIR - CONTINUED
NC Ref:
Objectives:
MK - the
main organs in the respiratory system, the function of the respiratory
system, some effects of smoking on the body, what a balanced diet is,
some effects of an unbalanced diet on the body, the words
diaphragm, breathing, lung cancer, heart disease, balanced diet,
nutrient, vitamin, mineral.
SK - the
difference between breathing and ventilation, how breathing is brought
about, where gas exchange occurs, how cilia and mucus can help keep
the lungs clean, the names of some chemicals in cigarette smoke and
their effects on the body, the cause and symptoms of one deficiency
disease, the words air-sac, alveoli, gas exchange, ventilation,
inhalation, exhalation, premature baby, ciliated epithelial cells,
addictive, nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide, high blood pressure, mucus,
deficiency disease, scurvy, obesity.
CK - how
changes in the chest volume bring about ventilation, a range of
diseases caused by smoking, a range of deficiency diseases and their
causes, the words air pressure, stroke, pneumonia, rickets,
anaemia, kwashiorkor, beri-beri.
Lesson outline: Horsforth Commentary
: Pupils revise balanced diet and investigate the Vit. C content of lemon juice.
Starter activity:
-
Revision - ask pupils what they understand by the word diet (this is 'what you eat' but is usually associated with weight loss) and then get them to list the nutrients needed in a balanced diet.
-
Ask them what they might happen if they have too little or too much of any of the nutrients.
-
Pupils can look at page 18 of Exp.Sci. 9 to see some symptoms of deficiency diseases.
Main course:
Investigate the effect of
cooking on the amount of vitamin C in lemon juice. Use w/s
9Bb/2
Plenary:
Conclude the investigation
and ask pupils to describe how they would prepare and what would be in
the most nutritious meal they can think of.
Timings:
10
40
10
Homework Suggestion:
Research the effects of
eating too much of a chosen vitamin.
Resources:
Pipettes, DCPIP
solution, test-tubes, lemon juice, stop clocks.
Wear goggles while performing practical work.
Unit
Title:
FIT AND HEALTHY
Caretaker: JES
Unit
No
9B
Lesson Title: DEM BONES
NC Ref:
Objectives:
MK - that
drugs are substances that effect how the body works, some effects of
alcohol on behaviour and on the body, that muscles work in pairs, that
exercise strengthens the heart, the works drug, alcohol.
SK - alcohol
is a depressant drug which can damage the liver, that some people
become addicted to alcohol, some factors that are linked to heart
disease, the effects of exercise on the body, that muscles contract to
move a bone and are attached to bone with tendons. A pair of muscles
is called an antagonistic pair, the words depressant, alcohol
abuse, heart disease, heart attack, antagonistic pair, contract,
relax, impulse, tendon.
CK - alcohol
abuse can cause liver cirrhosis, what atherosclerosis is, that bones
are attached to each other by ligaments, that the gap between bones in
a joint is often filled with synovial fluid, cartilage and synovial
fluid reduce friction and prevent bones wearing away, about
replacement joints, about diseases and problems associated with the
skeletal system and how they are treated
These objectives continue into lesson 6
Lesson outline: Horsforth Commentary
: Pupils learn how joints work
Starter
activity:
With the full sized skeleton as your prop, discuss the functions of the skeletal system and the different sorts of joints (although this extends beyond KS3). Ask what they know about diseases of the joints, they will probably discuss injuries they have sustained, talk about the treatment they had. Use appropriate slides from Boardworks.
Main course:
You could show a pigs trotter or chicken foot to demonstrate the action of muscle and tendon. Get them to feel their achilles tendon to appreciate tendons are quite hard and don't stretch (bones wouldn't move if they were stretchy - show this trying to open a door with an elastic band and then with a piece of string).
Use appropriate slides from Boardworks. You and the pupils demo the action of biceps and triceps, stressing how the biceps CONTRACT to pull the bone up and maybe seeing how the triceps must contract to pull the bone back down. The other antagonistic pair RELAXES (they forget these words).
Use antagonistic muscle action sheet (9Bc/2 and 9Bc/3) to make a model arm.
Extension: 9Bc/9 - work sheet on arthritis.
Plenary:
Complete the questions on model arm sheet and then describe and explain how the arm moves.
Timings:
10
40
10
Homework Suggestion:
Resources:
Glue, scissors, elastic
bands, split pins, strong card, work sheets as below.
Care with split pins.
Unit
Title:
FIT AND HEALTHY
Caretaker: JES
Unit
No
9B
Lesson Title: MIXING YOUR DRINKS
NC Ref:
Objectives:
MK - that
drugs are substances that effect how the body works, some effects of
alcohol on behaviour and on the body, that muscles work in pairs, that
exercise strengthens the heart, the works drug, alcohol.
SK - alcohol
is a depressant drug which can damage the liver, that some people
become addicted to alcohol, some factors that are linked to heart
disease, the effects of exercise on the body, that muscles contract to
move a bone and are attached to bone with tendons. A pair of muscles
is called an antagonistic pair, the words depressant, alcohol
abuse, heart disease, heart attack, antagonistic pair, contract,
relax, impulse, tendon.
CK - alcohol
abuse can cause liver cirrhosis, what atherosclerosis is, that bones
are attached to each other by ligaments, that the gap between bones in
a joint is often filled with synovial fluid, cartilage and synovial
fluid reduce friction and prevent bones wearing away, about
replacement joints, about diseases and problems associated with the
skeletal system and how they are treated
Lesson outline: Horsforth Commentary
: Pupils learn the effects of alcohol on the body.
Starter
activity:
Pupils do alcohol quiz -
9Bc/4. Discuss
answers but you may want to come back to this at the end of the lesson
to amend wrong answers.
Main course:
Discuss the recommended weekly alcohol intakes of men and women, while looking at examples of drinks that contain one unit of alcohol (page 19, Exp. Sci. 9).
Use w/s 9Bd/1, pupils work out their reaction times, plot results. You could extend this activity and also workout reaction times after drinking a caffeinated drink.
Look at page 25 in Exp. Sci. 9, discuss alcohol as a depressant, and the other depressants (heroin, marijuana and solvents), discuss how they would effect reaction time and why they are dangerous to drive under the influence of. Discuss caffeine (and cocaine and ecstacy) as a stimulant and the effect it has on the nervous system.
Pupils complete the table on page 25 using information from the text book.
Plenary:
Question class on effects of alcohol on the body , unborn babies and
on family members where alcohol abuse is an issue. Revisit alcohol
quiz and pupils amend incorrect answers.
Question pupils on their understanding of the terms stimulant and depressant.
Timings:
10
40
10
Homework Suggestion:
W/s
9Bd/2 - in
preparation for next lesson.
Resources:
Meter rulers, works sheets
as below.
Be aware that there may
be pupils effected by alcholism.
Unit
Title:
FIT AND HEALTHY
Caretaker: JES
Unit
No
9B
Lesson Title: DRUGS AND THE BODY
NC Ref:
Objectives: Complete end of topic test or quick quiz.
Lesson outline: Horsforth Commentary
:
Starter
activity:
Main course:
Plenary:
Timings:
30
Homework Suggestion:
Resources: