Level 6
15. Our solar system consists of planets orbiting the Sun. Some of these planets have moons.
(a) Complete the four statements by drawing lines to join the boxes.
4 marks
(b) Give the name of the star in our solar system.
1 mark
16. The diagram shows a firework rocket.
(a) Three forces act as the rocket flies through the air. Which arrows show the directions of these three forces?
.
3 marks
(b) When there is no fuel left, the rocket falls to the ground.
(i) Give the name of the force which pulls it down.
(ii) Give the name of the force which acts against the motion of the rocket.
(c) Another rocket was sent high into the air. It exploded with a loud bang and a bright flash of light.
Put a tick in the box by the correct statement.
the bright flash of light was seen first
the loud bang was heard first
the flash of light was seen and the bang was heard at the same time
Give a reason for your answer.
17. A pupil is observing the behaviour of a woodpecker. He uses a periscope to look over a wall at a tree, and waits for the bird to land on the trunk.
The pupil can only watch one part of the tree trunk at a time.
(a) Tick the box to show the point on the tree trunk which he can see using the periscope in the position shown.
point A
point B
point C
point D
point E
(b) Draw the path of the ray of light to show how the pupil sees this point. Use a ruler. Show the direction of the ray of light.
(c) What should the pupil do to the periscope to watch point C?
18. In a storm, a small ship was blown onto a beach. Now it is calm and there is no wind. A tugboat is trying to pull the ship off the beach.
(a) The tugboat pulls the ship with a force of 25 000 N.
The ship does not move because of the force of friction acting on it.
(i) Tick one box to show the size of the frictional force acting on the ship.
zero
more than zero but less than 25 000 N
25 000 N
more than 25 000 N
(ii) Add an arrow to the drawing to show the direction of the frictional force acting on the ship.
(b) When the tide is higher, the tugboat again pulls the ship with a steady force of 25 000 N. The ship begins to move.
Once the ship is off the beach, the tugboat continues to pull the ship with a force of 25 000 N. A frictional force due to the water acts on the ship.
(i) At first, the speed of the ship increases.
Tick one box to describe the frictional force acting on the ship while its speed is increasing.
(ii) After a short while, the ship reaches a steady speed. The tugboat continues to pull with a force of 25 000 N.
Tick one box to describe the frictional force acting on the ship while it is going at a steady speed.
(iii) The ship is towed to the north. What is the direction of the frictional force acting on the ship?
19. The diagram shows the orbits of the Earth, Venus and Jupiter around the Sun. They are not to scale.
(a) Where is the orbit of Mars?
Tick the correct box.
It is between the Sun and the orbit of Venus.
It is between the orbit of Venus and the orbit of Earth.
It is between the orbit of Earth and the orbit of Jupiter.
It is outside the orbit of Jupiter.
Venus and Jupiter can be seen from the Earth.
(b) Sometimes Venus appears to be larger than at other times.
(i) On the diagram, draw the position of Venus where it appears to be largest. Label it V.
(ii) Why does the size of Venus appear to change?
(c) Even on clear nights, Jupiter sometimes appears to be slightly brighter than at other times.
(i) On the diagram, draw the position of Jupiter where it appears to be brightest. Label it J.
(ii) Why does the brightness of Jupiter appear to change?
(d) Give two reasons why less light is reflected from Jupiter to the Earth than from Venus to the Earth.
1. .
2. .
2 marks
20. Oil is an important energy resource. It provides about 38% of the energy used for transport, heating and generating electricity.
(a) The energy stored in oil came from the Sun. Describe how energy from the Sun became stored in oil.
(b) (i) Oil can be described as a nonrenewable energy resource. Explain why.
(ii) Tick the boxes by two other nonrenewable energy resources.
Coal wind
solar tidal
natural gas wave
21. A circuit is shown below.
(a) The switch is open. Steven connects point A to point B with a piece of copper wire.
Which bulbs, if any, light up?
(b) Steven removes the copper wire and uses it to connect point C to point D.
The switch is still open.
(c) Steven removes the copper wire and closes the switch. Both bulbs light up, but not very brightly. He then uses the copper wire to connect point B to point C.
Choose from the following words to answer the questions below.
gets brighter stays the same goes out
(i) What happens to bulb X? gets brighter stays the same goes out
(ii) What happens to bulb Y? gets brighter stays the same goes out
(d) Steven removes the copper wire. The switch is still closed. Both bulbs light up, but not very brightly. He then uses the copper wire to connect point A to point B.
gets brighter stays the same gets dimmer goes out
(i) What happens to bulb X? gets brighter stays the same gets dimmer goes out
(ii) What happens to bulb Y? gets brighter stays the same gets dimmer goes out
22.
(a) A railway engine is being used to try to pull a wagon along a level track. The wagon’s brakes are on, and the wagon does not move.
(i) Draw one arrow on the diagram to show the direction of the force which prevents the wagon from moving.
(ii) Is the force which prevents the wagon from moving greater than, equal to or less than the pull of the engine?
greater than equal to less than
(b) (i) When the wagon’s brakes are off, the engine pulls the wagon forwards. A frictional force also acts on the wagon. In what direction does the frictional force act?
(ii) The pull of the engine is 5000 N. When the wagon’s speed is increasing, how large is the frictional force? Tick the correct box.
between 0 and 5000 N
5000 N
more than 5000 N
(c) After a while, the wagon travels at a steady speed. The engine is still pulling with a force of 5000 N.
How large is the frictional force now? Tick the correct box.
23. The graph below gives information about some of the planets in the Solar System.
(a) Planet A is shown on the graph above. The orbit of planet A is between Saturn and Mars. What is the name of planet A?
(b) Part of the graph opposite is shown in more detail below.
(i) Use a dot ( ) to mark the position of the Earth carefully on the graph above. Label the dot ‘Earth’. Explain why you put the dot at this position.
(ii) On the same graph, mark with a cross (x) the approximate position of Venus and label it ‘Venus’.
(c) Asteroids orbit the Sun just like the planets. Information about five asteroids is given in the table below.
Which asteroid is the greatest distance from the Sun? Give the reason for your answer.
24. A ray of blue light falls on a glass prism as shown in the diagram.
(a) On the diagram, draw the path of the blue ray through the prism and from the prism to the screen. Use a ruler.
(b) The blue ray is replaced by a ray of white light.
(i) What would you now see on the screen?
A red filter is placed between the prism and the screen.
(ii) What would you now see on the screen?
(iii) Explain how the red filter causes the change.
25. Light shines onto a ball. Naomi is looking at the ball.
(a) Describe how light from the lamp lights up the ball and makes it visible to Naomi.
(b) (i) Naomi uses different colours of light and different coloured balls.
Complete the table to show the colours that the balls appear to Naomi.
(ii) Why does a black object appear black in any light?
(c) Choose from the following terms to complete the sentences below.
less than equal to greater than
At a plane mirror, the angle of incidence is less than equal to greater than
the angle of reflection. The distance from the object to the mirror is
less than equal to greater than the apparent distance from the mirror to the image.
(d) A beam of white light shines onto a sheet of white paper. An identical beam of light shines onto a mirror. The light is scattered from the paper and reflected from the mirror.
Describe how scattering by paper and reflection by a mirror are different from each other.
…
26. The lift in a tall building hangs from a strong cable. The movement of the lift is affected by only two forces. These forces are the tension in the cable and the weight of the lift.
(a) The lift is not moving. How do the sizes of the two forces compare? Tick the correct box.
(b) When the lift is moving upwards and its speed is increasing, how do the sizes of the two forces compare?
(c) When the lift is moving upwards at a constant speed, how do the sizes of the two forces compare?
(d) Near the top of the building the lift is moving upwards, but slowing down. How do the sizes of the two forces now compare?