QUESTIONSHEET 1

 

(a) (i)    Waves bending around the harbour wall into its shadow.                                                                      1                    1

            Wavelength similar to before.                                                                                                            1                                  1

    

     (ii)    Diffraction                                                                                                                                        1                                                                                                                                                                                   1

             

(b)Wave diffracted around both sets of walls into their shadows                                                                       1                          

 

(c)Number of bobbing boats increased because amount of diffraction increased                                                1  

     because the wavelength is now similar to gap width.                                                                                   1                    1                

 

(d) The number of boats bobbing increased as diffraction increased                                                                  1              

     as gap reduces nearer to wavelength the amount of diffraction increases.                                                    1  

 

(e) Two wave fronts from the two gaps intercept/meet/ interfere.                                                                     1              

At certain positions the two meeting waves will add together by looking identical i.e. have similar phase difference.

This gives rise to constructive interference and waves are seen.                                                                  1                             1

     At other positions two waves meet and cancel out (antiphase).                                                                    

     Destructive interference.                                                                                                                          1                                  1

     Therefore no wave energy seen.                                                                                                               1                             1                                                                                                                                                     

 

                       

TOTAL  / 12

 

 

 

QUESTIONSHEET 2

 

(a) Rays originating from target.                                                                                                                     1                                   1

     Rays directed out of window.                                                                                                                    1                                  1                                                                                                                                                                   

 

(b) Cathode                                                                                                                                                   1                                                                                                                                                                                   1                   

 

(c) >10,000V (10kV)                                                                                                                                     1                                       1                                                                                                                                                                                  

 

(d) Electrons are boiled/ given off                                                                                                                   1                             1

     Attracted/ accelerated towards anode                                                                                                        1                           1

 

(e)Anode becomes warm/ hot                                                                                                                        1                                  1

     due to energy absorbed from electrons.                                                                                                      1                           1

 

(f) Electrons would bump into / ionise/ excite gas molecules                                                                             1                    1

     Fewer electrons would reach the anode

     Or

     The electrons have not enough energy to make X-rays                                                                               1                    1

 

(g) Lead.                                                                                                                                                       1                                                                                                                                                                                   1

     Lead shields will stop the travel of X-rays.                                                                                                 1                           1

     X rays are dangerous/ hazardous.                                                                                                              1              

 

                                                                                                                                                TOTAL  / 13

 

 

 

 

 

QUESTIONSHEET 3

 

(a) (i)    Two of:

            Can be reflected;

            can be refracted;

            travel as waves;                                                                                                                                2                                       2                                                                                                                                                                        

 

     (ii)    Two of

            X rays - are more energetic;

            - have higher frequency;

            - have shorter wavelength;                                                                                                                2                                         2

 

(b) (i)    Diagram shows rays being reflected off inner wall of fibre;                                                                 1                    1

            at the angle of incidence;                                                                                                                   1                                  1                                                                                                                                                  

         

     (ii)    Light rays strike wall at an angle greater than critical angle;                                                                 1                    1

            and are totally internally reflected;                                                                                                      1                             1

 

(c) Diagram completed showing appropriate refraction at both interfaces;                                                         1                             and dispersion at both interfaces/s

     and dispersion at both interfaces/ second interface only;                                                                              1

 

 

 

 


    

                                                                                                                                                 TOTAL  / 10

 

 


 

 

 
QUESTIONSHEET 4

Mirror

 
 


Angle of reflection

 

Angle of incidence

 
(a)

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


     (i)    Ray continued towards bottom right of diagram after it strikes the mirror.                                             1  

            Ray drawn precisely (so that the incoming and reflected ray are

            symmetrical (forms a mirror image about the normal line)                                                                    1                    1

    

     (ii)    The reflected ray should hit the drawn person's head/eyes.                                                                  1               1    

 

     (iii)   angle marked as 50o labelled angle of incidence                                                                                  1                         1

            50 o  to other side of normal labelled angle of reflection                                                                        1               1

 

(b)        Image size is same size as object.                                                                                                      1                             1

 

 

TOTAL  / 6

 

 

 

 


 

 

QUESTIONSHEET 5

 


(a)                                                                                                                                                                

 

 

front

of

camera

 

screen

 
 

 

 

 

 

 


                   one each for: camera, rays, inverted image                                                                                  3                           3

 

(b) (i)    place a convex lens                                                                                                                           1                                       1

            in front of pinhole                                                                                                                              1                                       1

 

     (ii)    move screen                                                                                                                                     1                                                                                                                                                                                   1

            away from pinhole                                                                                                                            1                                       1

 


(c)    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


                  

                   one each for:  camera, rays, spread image                                                                                   3                        

 

 

TOTAL  / 10

 

 


 

 

QUESTIONSHEET 6

 

(a) (i)    90 – 40                                                                                                                                             1                                                                                                                                                                                   1

            = 50o                                                                                                                                                                                                1                                                                                                                                                                                       1

 

     (ii)    50o                                                                                                                                                                                                    1                                                                                                                                                                                       1

 

     (iii )

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


                  

 

                   two rays                                                                                                                                    1                                                                                                                                                                                   1

                   at 100o to each other                                                                                                                  1                                       1

 

(b) (i)    2 metres                                                                                                                                           1                                                                                                                                                                                   1

            behind the mirror                                                                                                                               1                                       1

 

     (ii)    her back                                                                                                                                           1                                                                                                                                                                                   1

            moving away at 2 m/s                                                                                                                       1              

 

 

 

 

 

 

TOTAL  / 9

 

 

 


 

 

QUESTIONSHEET 7

 

(a) Two from

     cooking, radar, satellite communications                                                                                                     2                           2

 

(b) (i)    Ultra high frequency                                                                                                                         1                                       1

            TV                                                                                                                                                   1                                                                                                                                                                                       1

 

     (ii)    very high frequency                                                                                                                          1                                       1

            radio/police & ambulance communications                                                                                          1                           1

 

(c) (i)    90 000  ´  1000 m                                                                                                                             1                                       1

            divided by 300 000 000                                                                                                                      1                                  1

            0.3 s                                                                                                                                                 1                                                                                                                                                                                       1

 

     (ii)    165 000 000  ´  1000 m                                                                                                                     1                                  1

            divided by 300 000 000                                                                                                                      1                                  1

            550 s                                                                                                                                                1                                                                                                                                                                                       1

 

 

TOTAL  / 12

 

 


 

 


QUESTIONSHEET 8

 

(a) results in order 24, 30, 40, 60, 100  (all: 3 marks, 3: 2 marks 2:  1 mark)                                                        3

80

 

60

 

40

 

20

 

0

 

20

 

40

 

60

 

80

 

100

 
 


(b) (i)   

                  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

120

 

100

 
Text Box: Object distance/ cm

0

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


                  

 

 

                   sensible scales                                                                                                                           1                                                                                                                                                                                   1

                   correct plotting                                                                                                                           1                                       1

                   line drawn accurately                                                                                                                 1                                       1

 

     (ii)    26 +/- 1 cm                                                                                                                                       1                                                                                                                                                                                   1

 

(c) 25 cm                                                                                                                                                      1                                                                                                                                                                                       1

 

(d) 40 / 2                                                                                                                                                       1                                                                                                                                                                                       1

     = 20 cm                                                                                                                                                   1                                                                                                                                                                                   1

                                                                                                                                                                                         1

TOTAL  / 10

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

QUESTIONSHEET 9

 

(a) Refraction.                                                                                                                                               1                                                                                                                                                                                   1

 

(b) Violet light is bent more than red and continues from left to right.                                                                1               1           

 

(c) More refraction of red ray to bend downwards at glass/air boundary.                                                          1                         More refraction of violet ray to bend downwards at glass/air boundary                                                    1  

     More refraction of violet ray to bend downwards at glass/air boundary.                                                       1

     Amount of refraction of violet ray is more than red ray.                                                                              1                    1            

         

(d) Orange                                                                                                                                                    1                                                                                                                                                                                       1                                                                                                                                                                                 

 

(e) Any from Infra red, Microwaves, Radio waves.                                                                                         1                         1                                                                                                                                                         

 

(f) Any from Ultraviolet, X-rays, Gamma-rays.                                                                                               1                           1                                                                                                                                                                     

 

(g) Colours have different wavelengths.                                                                                                          1                             1  

     Wavelengths will bend by different amounts.                                                                                              1                           1    

     Because different wavelengths will slow down by different amounts.                                                           1              

                                                                                                                                                                     

 

TOTAL  / 11

 

 

 

 


 

QUESTIONSHEET 10

 

(a) Right hand ray refracted inwards/ downwards.                                                                                           1                         1

     When it hit the boundary it is refracted in towards the right direction so

     outgoing ray parallel with incoming ray.                                                                                                      1                           1    

    Left hand ray is undeviated at both boundaries.                                                                                          1                         1                                                                                                                                                             (diagram EM30)                                                                                                                                                              1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


                   1

 

 

 

 

 

 


(b) The angle of reflection is the same as the incident angle.                                                                            1                    1  

     The ray is continued until it hits the bottom edge of the glass.                                                                      1

     Again Total Internal Reflection takes place.                                                                                               1                           1                                                                                                                                                          (diagram EM31)                                                                                                                                                              1                            

 

 

 

 


     1

 

 

 

(c) Light is sent along the fibre by total internal reflection.                                                                                1                    1  

     light hits the patient’s insides and returns along the receiving fibre.                                                               1              

     Travels along receiving fibre towards eye by total internal reflection.                                                           1              

 

 

 

 

 

TOTAL  / 10

 

 

 


 

 

 

QUESTIONSHEET 11

 


(a) (i)    90 degrees/ Right angle/ Perpendicular.                                                                                              1                    1                

         

     (ii)    Ray refracted into glass in the right direction and refracted

            out of glass in the right direction so that it is parallel to incident ray.                                                      1                                  1

            Wavefronts still at right angles in glass block.                                                                                      1              

            Wavefronts closer together in glass block.                                                                                          1                    1

            Wavefronts same distance as before and also at right angles when ray is back in air.                            1                           1

 

(b) Slows down in the glass block.                                                                                                                  1                         1

     Speeds up to same speed as before.                                                                                                          1                         1

 

(c) Difference in refractive index/ optical density.                                                                                            1                                 

 

(d) The wave slows down because the refractive index has increased.                                                              1                                  1

     and so the wavefronts ‘bunch up’.                                                                                                             1                         1

     As it leaves glass the index reduces and the wave speeds up again so wavefronts can spread out.

     (Or equivalent but inverse pattern with frequency)                                                                                      1  

 

 

 

TOTAL  / 11

 

 

 

 

QUESTIONSHEET 12

 

(a) yellow                                                                                                                                                      1                                       1

     magenta                                                                                                                                                   1                                  1

     cyan                                                                                                                                                        1                                       1

 

(b) white                                                                                                                                                       1                                       1

 

(c) (i)    any two colours which make white when mixed                                                                                  1  

 

     (ii)    blue & yellow                                                                                                                                   1                                  1

            red & cyan                                                                                                                                       1                                  1

            green & magenta                                                                                                                              1

 

 

TOTAL  / 8

 

 

 

 


 

 

QUESTIONSHEET 13

 

(a)    

 

 

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                    1

                  

                   light slower in water                                                                                                                   1                             1

                   changes angle of light                                                                                                                 1                             1

 

(b) (i)    refractive index = speed of light in air/speed in water                                                                          1  

            300 000 000 / 225 000 000                                                                                                                 1                           1

            =  1.33                                                                                                                                             1                                       1

 

     (ii)    sin i /sin r                                                                                                                                          1                                  1

 

(c) (i)    angle of incidence above which angle of refraction = 90o                                                                                            1  

 

     (ii)

 

 

 

 

 

 


                       

                                                                                                                                                                    1

 

 

TOTAL  / 9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

QUESTIONSHEET 14

 

(a) (i)    larger, less sharp, dimmer                                                                                                                  3                           3

 

     (ii)    moved closer to slide                                                                                                                         1                             1

 

(b) (i)    convex                                                                                                                                             1                                       1

 

     (ii)    larger, less clear at edges                                                                                                                  2                           1

 

(c) focuses light through lens                                                                                                                          1                           1

     burns film or shutter                                                                                                                                  1                             1

 

 

 

 

 

TOTAL  / 9

 

 

 

 

QUESTIONSHEET 15

 

(a) make up or shaving mirrors                                                                                                                       1                           1

     magnifying glass                                                                                                                                       1                             1

     reflectors in torches                                                                                                                                  1                             1

 

(b) see upstairs                                                                                                                                              1                                  1

     wide field of view                                                                                                                                     1                             1

 

(c) (i)   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


                   mirrors                                                                                                                                      1                                       1

                   openings in tube                                                                                                                         1                             1

                   light ray                                                                                                                                     1                                  1

 

     (ii)    45o                                                                                                                                                                                                    1                                       1

 

     (iii)   triangular prism                                                                                                                                 1                             1

 

TOTAL  / 10

 

 

 

 


 

 

QUESTIONSHEET 16

 

(a) convex – centre ray straight                                                                                                                      1                           1

     others converging to point                                                                                                                         1                           1

 

     concave – centre ray straight                                                                                                                    1                           1

     others diverging                                                                                                                                        1                             1

 

(b) (i)    larger image                                                                                                                                     1                                  1

 

     (ii)    smaller image                                                                                                                                   1                                  1

 

     (iii)   same size image                                                                                                                                1                             1

 


(c)    

 

I

 

F

 

O

 
     2

F

 
 

 

 

 

 


                   distance – 8 cm                                                                                                                          1                             1

                   height – 2 cm                                                                                                                             1                                  1                                                                                                                                                  

 

 

 

TOTAL  / 11

 

 

 

 

QUESTIONSHEET 17

 

(a) Ray drawn with ruler from source to top of ball onto screen                                                                        1                                                                                                                                                                                       1

     Second ray drawn with ruler from source to bottom of ball

     then continued to screen and shadow written between where these two rays hit the screen.                          1                         1                                                                                                                                                            

 

(b) Size will be different (complete shadow will be smaller)                                                                              1

     Area of grey around the area of complete shadow (black)                                                                          1

 

(c) (i)    Rays come from bulb into his eyes.                                                                                                    1                         1

 

     (ii)    Rays from bulb bounce/ reflect off book into his eyes.                                                                         1

 

     (iii)   Paper scatters/ reflects at different angles.                                                                                         1                    1

            Rays from different part of light bulb enter eye together.                                                                     1

 

                                                                                                                                                                                         1

TOTAL  / 8

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

QUESTIONSHEET 18

 

(a) (i)    Angle of reflection correct (same as incident angle)                                                                            1

            Drawn with a ruler.                                                                                                                           1                             1

 

     (ii)    The same size                                                                                                                                   1                                  1

            The same way up                                                                                                                             1                             1                                                                                                                                            Virtual                                       1                                                                                                                                                                         

            Virtual                                                                                                                                              1

 

(b) Diagram roughly same size                                                                                                                       1                           1

     Orientation correct

     (so end of screwdriver pointing away from object)                                                                                      1                          

 

(c) (i)    Angles of reflection at top mirror correct

            (so rays go vertical downwards)                                                                                                        1                         1

            Angles of reflection at bottom mirror correct (so rays go horizontally towards eye)                               1                           1

            Rays drawn with a ruler and direction arrows drawn on constructed rays                                             1                             1                                                                                                                                                     

 

     (ii)    To see over or around any object                                                                                                       1

            (i.e. wall, crowd of people etc)                                                                                                                                1

 

                                                                                                                                                                                         1

TOTAL  / 11

 

 

 

 

QUESTIONSHEET 19

 

(a) (i)    Increasing wavelength.                                                                                                                      1                           1

 

     (ii)    Increasing frequency.                                                                                                                        1                             1

 

(b) Red on the right hand side.                                                                                                                        1                           1

     Violet on the left hand side.                                                                                                                       1                           1

 

(c) Gamma rays.                                                                                                                                          1                                  1

 

(d) (i)    To examine bones or structure of the body.                                                                                        1                    1                

         

     (ii)    Sun tans or sterilisation.                                                                                                                     1                           1

 

(e) All these waves have a lot of energy.                                                                                                        1                         1

     Which is transferred to object it hits

     (and can kill cells etc.)                                                                                                                              1                           1

 

 

TOTAL  / 9

 

                                                                                                                                                                                         TOTAL

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

QUESTIONSHEET 20

 

(a) she would see her name                                                                                                                            1                           1

     retention of vision                                                                                                                                     1                             1

 

(b) (i)    to enable them to see all round                                                                                                           1                         1

            without moving head                                                                                                                         1                             1

 

     (ii)    judge distance                                                                                                                                   1                                  1

            for catching prey                                                                                                                               1                             1

 

(c) (i)    jerky or slow                                                                                                                                     1                                  1

 

     (ii)    no time for brain to register still image                                                                                                1                    1

            before next one appears                                                                                                                    1                           1

 

     (iii)   24 frames per sec                                                                                                                             1                             1

            ´ 5 ´ 60                                                                                                                                           1                                  1

            =  7200 frames                                                                                                                                 1                             1

         

TOTAL  / 12

 

 

 

 

 

                                                                                                                                                                                         TOTAL  / 9